Elementary and middle schools and universities were introduced in 1872 as a result of the Meiji Restoration. Since 1947, compulsory education in Japan has included elementary and junior high school (grades 7, 8, 9), which together last nine years (ages 6-15). In fact, all students continue their education in full secondary school (usually includes grades 10-12) for three years. In Japan, the two top universities are the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. After the Second World War, the regeneration of the country's education system played a central role, when the Basic Education and School Education Law was enacted. The latter law defined the standard school system. In April 2016, various schools started the academic year with primary school and lower secondary school integrated into one nine-year compulsory school. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology plans to introduce this system throughout the country.